IBN ARABI'S EPISTLE TO AL-RAZI: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

Abstract

This research aims to shed light on the long-standing dialectic between theology (ilm al-kalam) and mysticism (ilm al-irfan) by examining an epistle sent by the eminent mystic Ibn Arabi to the renowned theologian Fakhr al-Din al-Razi. The study addresses key contentious issues that occupy the minds of those interested in these two disciplines and attempts to bridge the gaps hindering the understanding of the mystics' discourse. The first chapter discusses the criticisms leveled by Sheikh al-Kawthari against Imam al-Razi. The second chapter examines Ibn Arabi's epistle to al-Razi, tackling the main problems al-Razi encountered in his writings. The research endeavors to interpret al-Razi's words in a manner acceptable from both legal and rational perspectives. It also addresses the main objections raised by Ibn Arabi's opponents, particularly concerning the concept of the unity of existence (wahdat al-wujud), clarifying its meaning and demonstrating that it does not entail disbelief or heresy. The study further explores Ibn Arabi's view on the nature and form of divine punishment and the importance of reason from his perspective. The research concludes that this study contributes to alleviating the tension and excessive sensitivity towards the mystics' discourse, opening the door for better understanding, although it cannot single-handedly unravel the ambiguity of their terminology completely. It also finds that Ibn Arabi does not deny the importance of reason, but he believes that reason has limits that should not be transgressed. The study recommends conducting further research on this topic to bridge the gap between theology and mysticism.