SAINTHOOD IN RELIGIOUS, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN EGYPTIAN AND PAKISTANI SUFI MODELS

Abstract

This comparative study explores the concept of sainthood within Egyptian and Pakistani Sufi traditions from the 20th century onward. While Sufism has significantly shaped the religious and cultural landscapes of both regions, the expression of sainthood in each context reveals both commonalities and unique distinctions. The study examines key dimensions of sainthood, including political engagement, social activism, religious authority, spirituality, ascetic practices, the role of female saints, shrine culture, miracles, and the influence of charisma. Through a systematic comparison, the paper uncovers notable similarities, such as the establishment of shrines, the observance of annual festivals, the emphasis on asceticism and piety, and the belief in saints' spiritual guidance and blessings. At the same time, it identifies important differences, particularly in the terminology used, the geographical extent of saints' influence, and attitudes toward mystical traditions in other religions. The study argues that a comparative approach provides a valuable framework for fostering dialogue and mutual understanding between these distinct Sufi communities. By examining the interconnections between South Asian and Middle Eastern Sufi traditions, this research contributes to the broader field of comparative cultural studies and deepens scholarly discussions on Sufism and sainthood across diverse cultural contexts.